Category Archives: Federal Reserve

Factors in the recent oil price increases

Crude oil prices surged last spring following disruptions in oil production from Libya, and had been drifting down during the summer and fall. But since the beginning of October, the price of West Texas Intermediate and Brent crude oil have both risen by over 30%, putting them back up near where they had been last spring. What’s changed in the world since the beginning of October?

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Measuring the consequences of the zero lower bound constraint

In a period of deleveraging such as the U.S. has been going through, it is possible for the natural rate of interest to become negative. Since cash is always an option for earning at least a yield of zero, no asset should ever pay less than zero. This lower bound of zero on nominal interest rates can put a constraint on the ability of the economy to self-correct or the Fed to provide stimulus in such a situation.

The Fed still has some tools to try to reduce longer-term yields, namely large-scale asset purchases and
signaling the Fed’s future intentions. A new research paper by Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco President John Williams and Senior Research Advisor Eric Swanson proposes a creative new approach to measuring when and to what extent the zero lower bound is a relevant constraint on interest rates of any maturity.

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Send a valentine to the Fed

Have a Valentine’s message you want to send to the Fed? Justin Wolfers and Binyamin Applebaum collect some of the proposals from Twitter:

NPR’s Planet Money: You had me at QE1.

Michael McKee: The sight of you fills me with irrational exuberance.

Annalyn Censky: Our love isn’t transitory baby, it’s gonna be exceptional for an extended period.

NPR’s Planet Money: I’ll be your lover of last resort.

Why not abolish the Fed and return to the gold standard?

Via Mike Shedlock, this item from MarketWatch caught my eye:

Newt Gingrich said that if elected president, he’d name [James] Grant to help run a commission looking at a possible return to the gold standard. And Ron Paul said, if elected president, he’d go all-in and name Grant– one of Wall Street’s best-known gold bugs– as the new chairman of the Federal Reserve….

“Unfortunately, I haven’t heard from Mr. Romney yet,” joked Grant when I called on him in his offices down on Wall Street. “I’m sitting by the phone, I’m ready.”

I presume that Grant would be advising any would-be policy-makers who listen to him the sort of thing that he wrote in 2010:

The classical gold standard, the one that was in place from 1880 to 1914, is what the world needs now. In its utility, economy and elegance, there has never been a monetary system like it.

I thought it would be worthwhile reviewing some of the reasons why I disagree with Grant on this point.

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A Call for Action: Conditional Inflation Targetting

From an article by myself and Jeffry Frieden in the newly released Foreign Policy:

[We need] inflation — just enough to reduce the debt burden to more manageable levels, which probably means in the 4 to 6 percent range for several years. The Fed could accomplish this by adopting a flexible inflation target, one pegged to the rate of unemployment. Chicago Fed President Charles Evans has proposed something very similar, a policy that would keep the Fed funds rate near zero and supplemented with other quantitative measures as long as unemployment remained above 7 percent or inflation stayed below 3 percent. Making the unemployment target explicit would also serve to constrain inflationary expectations: As the unemployment rate fell, the inflation target would fall with it.

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