Category Archives: Federal Reserve

Another event to study

One of the ways economists have tried to estimate the effects of the Fed’s program of large-scale asset purchases (LSAP) is using event studies of how the market responds in the thirty minutes following Fed statements of changes in the program. Yesterday’s announcement from the Federal Reserve that it is starting a gradual process of reducing its balance sheet gives us one new data point for such efforts.
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The great unwind begins

The Federal Reserve announced today that it will begin reducing the size of its balance sheet next month in very modest and deliberate steps. One reason the Fed is moving so slowly is that they don’t want a repeat of the May 2013 taper tantrum, in which a surprise hint that the Fed might slow the rate at which it would be growing its balance sheet led to a spike up in long-term interest rates. But there may also be another reason why the Fed is contracting its balance sheet so cautiously.
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“What’s the Problem with Low Inflation?”

That’s the title of a new EconoFact article by Michael Klein.

Today’s low inflation has some economists puzzled. The Federal Reserve has persistently undershot its inflation target of 2 percent since 2012, when it established this level of inflation as one of its policy goals.


Low inflation can be a signal of economic problems because it may be associated with weakness in the economy. When unemployment is high or consumer confidence low, people and businesses may be less willing to make investments and spend on consumption, and this lower demand keeps them from bidding up prices.


There have been calls for the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates because the ongoing recovery from the Great Recession represents the third-longest recovery on record and the current low unemployment rate would usually lead the Federal Reserve to set its policy course towards preventing the economy from overheating. It is striking, however, that this recovery has not been accompanied by increasing inflation, even with unemployment rates of 4.3 percent in June and July, the lowest string of two-month unemployment rates in more than 15 years.

This figure from the article highlights the anomalous nature of recent inflation behavior.



Source: Klein.

What are the prospects for accelerated inflation? The market’s expectation inferred from Treasury spreads is shown below:



Figure 1: Five year nominal Treasury yield minus five year TIPS yield, % (blue). July 2017 observation (dark blue +). Source: Federal Reserve Board.

As noted, such quiescent current and expected inflation at (what is widely acknowledged to be) near full employment does pose something of a mystery.

In the past, I’ve argued that the inflation target should be higher than the current 2%. [1] [2] I still believe that’s the case.