Economic Activity and Inflation Measures for September [updated]

While the GDP release dominated the news, we got new looks at economic activity and price pressures on Friday (and monthly GDP today).

First, economic activity according to some key indicators followed by the NBER:

Figure 1: Nonfarm payroll employment from August release (dark blue), Bloomberg consensus as of 11/1 (blue +), industrial production (red), personal income excluding transfers in Ch.2012$ (green), manufacturing and trade sales in Ch.2012$ (black), consumption in Ch.2012$ (light blue), and monthly GDP in Ch.2012$ (pink), all log normalized to 2020M02=0. NBER defined recession dates shaded gray. Source: BLS, Federal Reserve, BEA, via FRED, IHS Markit (nee Macroeconomic Advisers) (11/1/2021 release), Bloomberg, NBER, and author’s calculations. [updated 11/1/2021]

Consumption remained at elevated levels, but personal income excluding transfers are only at pre-pandemic levels, in real terms. This is against a backdrop of other slowing indicators in September.

Second, inflation in September, including the personal consumption expenditure deflator numbers, which were released on Friday. These were in line with expectations.

Figure 2: Month-on-month annualized inflation from CPI-all urban (blue), from personal consumption expenditure (PCE) deflator (black), chained CPI seasonally adjusted  (brown), sticky price CPI (green), and 16% trimmed mean CPI (red). Chained CPI inflation seasonally adjusted by author. NBER defined recession dates shaded gray. Source: BLS, Atlanta Fed, Cleveland Fed, via FRED, NBER, and author’s calculations.

 

Figure 3: Month-on-month annualized inflation from CPI-all urban (blue), from personal consumption expenditure (PCE) deflator (black), chained CPI seasonally adjusted (brown), and sticky price CPI (green). Chained CPI inflation seasonally adjusted by author. NBER defined recession dates shaded gray. Source: BLS, Atlanta Fed, Cleveland Fed, via FRED, NBER, and author’s calculations.

What is interesting is that while the CPI based inflation indicators blipped upward, the PCE deflator inflation continued a downward trend.

CEA notes that year-on-year PCE inflation is being driven by developments in the indices from about 4-5 months ago.

 

27 thoughts on “Economic Activity and Inflation Measures for September [updated]

  1. pgl

    ‘Higher year-on-year inflation is largely being driven by price pressures from 4-12 months ago, as price increases in recent months have been declining.’

    CEA’s tweet. Gee – we see some folks here talking about specific prices still soaring even as they have actually come down from their previous highs! Could someone please buy Princeton Steve a bagel?

  2. baffling

    there was a recent post on bitcoin, and some people concerned about illicit behavior and cryptos. interesting article from earlier in the year should dispel some of those concerns
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/haileylennon/2021/01/19/the-false-narrative-of-bitcoins-role-in-illicit-activity/?sh=37a2aef23432

    Bitcoin surge spurs City to recruit crypto natives
    ‘TradFi’ groups say they are investing in digital asset expertise for defensive reasons
    JONATHAN GUTHRIE
    This was an FT piece that came out today (sorry there is a firewall). Big banks are getting ready for crypto in some way shape or form. I like their comment that it may first appear in stocks and bonds as a blockchain tracked stock. wouldn’t it be nice to know how much each outstanding share sold for, when valuing a stock?

  3. Macroduck

    Some of your less well informed commenters have claimed that Biden is at fault for slow delivery times, ignoring the big increase in goods shipments in the U.S. relative to pretty much ever. So inflation is Biden’s fault and Trump deserves a Noble Prize.

    I do wonder, though, how Biden managed to screw up delivery times in Europe:

    https://blogs.imf.org/2021/10/25/longer-delivery-times-reflect-supply-chain-disruptions/

    Dude must have serious hidden powers.

    1. pgl

      The same Usual Suspects are blaming the world’s logistics mess on California regulation. Yes – California rules the world!

    2. pgl

      “Supply chain disruptions have become a major challenge for the global economy since the start of the pandemic. Shutdowns of factories in China in early 2020, lockdowns in several countries across the world, labor shortages, robust demand for tradable goods, disruptions to logistics networks, and capacity constraints have resulted in big increases in freight costs and delivery times.”

      Yep – all of this comes from Biden’s Communist plot!

      1. paddy kivlin

        none of those issues were evident on 20 jan 2021!

        c’mon man in 1990 us army general pagonis moved an ‘iron mountain’ to kuwait and saudi to attack saddam, in <5 months!

        there are a hundred things to streamline the bottlenecks, including firing the bureaucrats who can't increase the through put for re certifying cdl truckers to name one problem for the over the road transport system.

        don't need dot…… thepentagon has a entire joint service command for transporting things …… land sea and air!

        1. Menzie Chinn Post author

          paddy kivlin: As I recall, the US relied substantially on prepositioned equipment/forces. See this document:

          The Commander of the US Navy’s Seventh Fleet put the
          Desert Shield sealift into motion when he ordered the Afloat Prepositioning
          Force (APF) to get underway. 4 The Afloat Prepositioning Force consisted of 13
          Maritime Prepositioning Ships and 12 Prepositioning Ships (PREPOS). The
          Maritime Prepositioning Ships were divided into three Maritime Prepositioning
          Squadrons (MPSs), one each based in the Atlantic Ocean (MPS-l), Indian Ocean
          (MPS-2), and Pacific Ocean (MPS-3). (See Appendix 5.) Each squadron was
          capable of equipping and supplying a Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) of
          approximately 16,500 Marines for 30 days. A typical MPS Squadron hauled 50
          M-60 tanks, 100 Assault Amphibious Vehicles, 30 light armored vehicles, 40
          155mm howitzers, 300 5-ton trucks, and 1.5 million meals. Both MPS-2 and
          MPS-3 were alerted for possible deployment on 7 August for the first ever
          wartime test of the Afloat Prepositioning Force. On 15 August, MPS-2
          Roll-On/Roll-Off (RO/RO) vessels MV PFC James Anderson, Jr., MV 1ST LT
          Alex Bonnyman, and MV CPL Louis J. Hauge, Jr., the first ships to arrive in the
          AOR in support of Desert Shield, began unloading their cargo at Al Jubayl, Saudi
          Arabia. They carried equipment and supplies for the 7th MEB, whose troops
          were arriving in the AOR via air. All five ships of MPS-2 had arrived intheater
          by 5 September. The four ships of MPS-3, supporting the 1st MEB, began
          arriving in the AOR on 25 August. They closed on 30 August. Supporting
          elements of the II Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), the four ships of MPS-1
          arrived in the AOR on 13 December. After their initial prepositioning voyages,
          seven of the thirteen Maritime Prepositioning Ships were turned over to
          USTRANSCOM as common-user transport ships (one in MPS-1, five in MPS-2,
          and one in MPS-3). While intheater and not being employed as common-user
          assets, Maritime Prepositioning Ships served as floating ammunition and fuel
          platforms and in other sea-based logistics roles.5

          As I recall, this was one of the first big uses of roll-on, roll-off ships, which I’d first about in a seminar back in 1984.

        2. baffling

          “including firing the bureaucrats who can’t increase the through put for re certifying cdl truckers to name one problem for the over the road transport system.”
          that’s overlooking the bigger problem. truckers are not paid enough to stay on the job. that is a private sector issue, not a government bureaucrat issue.

    3. Moses Herzog

      “I do wonder, though, how Biden managed to screw up delivery times in Europe. Dude must have serious hidden powers.”

      We need to get you a seat by these clever Jewish joke writers for Stephen Colbert and Kimmel. You about killed me on that one.

      Macroduck wins the internet on 11-1-’21

  4. Jacob

    Would someone care to explain the important differences between PCE deflator and the others. I follow the blog, but am not a macro-economist. The wikipedia page for the deflator compares to the CPI, but aside from that PCE includes non-profit sectoral spending in addition to households, it isn’t really that clear to me. If the request is seen as obnoxious, then just ignore.

    1. Macroduck

      Not obnoxious. Good question.

      The link below gives a pretty good summary of differences. Just to orient yourself before you go there, note that an index representing a bunch of components can be constructed in a number of ways. The construction of the index will determine how it changes as its components change. So here you go:

      https://www.callan.com/blog-archive/cpi-vs-pce/#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20the%20CPI%20represents,a%20broader%20range%20of%20buyers.

    2. Moses Herzog

      @ Jacob
      Questions seeking knowledge are NEVER “obnoxious”. And anyone who told you otherwise should be banished from your social orbit

      My deceased father had his Master’s degree in education. He told me this in a more moderate fashion. I figure based on his major, he ought to know.

      1. Menzie Chinn Post author

        Jacob: Here is a slightly dated primer on Econbrowser. The big substantive change in the CPI is that the weights are adjusted every two years, making it closer in spirit to the Chained CPI.

  5. T. Shaw

    US Federal Transfer Payments to Individuals significantly reduced: 1Q2020 $2.4T; 2Q2020 $4.8T; 3Q2020: $3.5T; 4Q2020 $2.8T; 1Q2021 $5.1T; 2Q2021 $3.4T; 3Q2021 $3.1T. [Source FRED]

  6. T. Shaw

    From FRED: “Federal government current transfer payments: Government social benefits: to persons”

    Of course, in economics “persons” is not “individuals.”

  7. rsm

    If you put error bars on those lines in your graphs, would the noise be so apparent that you could negate every interpretation presented and remain supported by the data?

  8. baffling

    i took some flak half a year ago by suggesting you buy us savings bonds, which were paying 3.5% interest for a six month period. well today, the updated rate is 7.12% for the next six months. a couple can put $20k into savings bonds per year, and earn those rates risk free. a very good place to put your emergency stash of funds. beats the heck out of 0.1% from a savings or checking account. An extra thousand bucks risk free on cash that would have sat worthless in the bank.
    https://www.treasurydirect.gov/news/pressroom/currentibondratespr.htm
    as maui would say, your welcome!

  9. Moses Herzog

    What happened to our friend “A.S.”??? I miss him giving us his forecast numbers on different stuff. I assume our Polish friend (can’t remember the exact spelling of his name) is still out there reading as one of Menzie and Prof Hamilton’s “silent regulars”. How do we get more “AS’s” and less CoRevs here. The eternal mystery drags on.

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