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Econbrowser

Analysis of current economic conditions and policy

2025Q3 4.3% q/q AR Growth in Context

GDP growth of 4.3% far exceeded the 3.3% consensus forecast. However, as a survivor of the 2001 “is it or not” recession debate*, I think it useful to consider the revisions that occur to GDP growth. Here’s a picture of levels of GDP for 2001, according to different vintages.

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This entry was posted on December 26, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

EJ Antoni: “The truth about the Heritage Foundation’s economic principles”

EJ Antoni writes a letter to WaPo editors:

“that the Heritage Foundation has become a protectionist bivouac. Au contraire, Heritage has been, is, and will continue to be a bastion of free-market conservatism.”

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This entry was posted on December 26, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

A Holiday Memo: NBER BCDC and Alternative Indicators

With a surprising outcome in GDP [Hamilton/Econbrowser] [Chinn/Econbrowser], recall that other indicators are relevant, particularly given the record of GDP revisions over time.

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This entry was posted on December 25, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

More on the GDP Release: Compare against “Core GDP” and GDO

Following up on Jim’s post yesterday, here are some additional thoughts on the “initial” (consolidated advance and 2nd) release: (1) GDP far exceeds nowcasts, (2) potentially more momentum-relevant “core GDP” advances strongly, but much less so than GDP, and (3) alternative estimates of economic activity like GDO suggest slower growth.

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This entry was posted on December 24, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

Good news from the GDP report

The Bureau of Economic Analysis announced today that seasonally adjusted U.S. real GDP grew at a 4.3% annual rate in the third quarter. That is somewhat higher than both the historical average growth and the value anticipated by many forecasters.
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This entry was posted on December 23, 2025 by James_Hamilton.

Fed Governor/CEA Chair (on leave) Miran: “Fed Risks Recession Without More Interest Rate Cuts”

From Bloomberg:

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This entry was posted on December 22, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

On the Eve of the GDP Release: Forecasts, Nowcasts, Tracking

A survey:

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This entry was posted on December 22, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

Chief Economist and Now Actg Director, Ctr Data Analysis, Heritage; & Chief Economist, Truflation

That’s EJ Antoni, who has not a single peer-reviewed paper.

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This entry was posted on December 22, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

How’s Sector Employment Doing during This Promised Manufacturing “Golden Age”

A compilation:

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This entry was posted on December 21, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

The Man Who Would Be Commissioner* [corrected**]

Of the BLS, that is. From EJ Antoni writing in Heritage, “Why the Labor Market Is Stronger Than Experts Think”:

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This entry was posted on December 20, 2025 by Menzie Chinn.

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Authors

James D. Hamilton is Professor of Economics at the University of California, San Diego

Menzie Chinn is Professor of Public Affairs and Economics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison

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  • Where’s the Balance of Payments Emergency?
  • GDP continues to grow
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  • Is Housing the Business Cycle (in 2026)?
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Current Indicators

Econbrowser faces the data: (since  Feb 20, 2026)

Econbrowser recession indicator index: 1.8 (describes  2025:Q3)

The most recent U.S. recession began in 2020:Q1 and ended in 2020:Q2

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