The Bureau of Economic Analysis announced today that seasonally adjusted U.S. real GDP grew at a 1.4% annual rate in the fourth quarter. That is a bit below the historical average growth of 3.1% and also below some analysts’ expectations for the Q4 numbers.
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On the Eve of the 2025Q4 Advance Release
Jim will have examination of the GDP numbers tomorrow, but here is the picture as of today, in the wake of the international trade figures, industrial production, housing starts, yesterday and today.
Is Housing the Business Cycle (in 2026)?
Most indicators suggest growth in output, spending aggregates (while employment is trending sideways). Housing is suggested as a leading indicator by Leamer (2007, 2015), but less a leading indicator recently (Green, 2022). Here’s a picture of residential fixed investment, which on average leads economic activity by approximately 7 quarters:
2025 Trade Deficit at 2024 Levels
Total seasonally adjusted trade deficit averaged $75.1 mn, vs. 2024 $75.3 mn. The real goods trade deficit averaged $99.8 mn Ch.2017$ vs. 94.4 mn Ch.2017$. In other words, the real goods trade deficit increased (the same is true of the real goods ex-petroleum trade deficit).
Guest Contribution: “Usury laws and Trump’s proposed cap on credit card interest rates”
Today, we present a guest post written by Jeffrey Frankel, Harpel Professor at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, and formerly a member of the White House Council of Economic Advisers. A shorter version was published in Project Syndicate.
Business Cycle Indicators: Output Surges ahead of Employment
Industrial and manufacturing production rise, surprising on the upside:
Output Gaps, Again
Primarily from the production function approach (discussion here).
SP500 CAPE at 40
September P/E ratio at 28.
Two Measures of Private NFP Compared
Post-benchmark revision, here are changes in the BLS and ADP series:
Quantifying Partisanship in Perceptions of Current Economic Conditions
Democrats/Lean Democratic current conditions assessment is relative insensitive to Trump being president, and statistically significantly related to news sentiment. Republican/Lean Republican perception is overwhelmingly associated with whether Trump is president.